The Indian Ocean Essay Example for Free

The Indian Ocean EssayIn 2004, the world most witnessed one of the most devastating natural disasters that had occurred in the last carbon years. On December 26th of that year, an earthquake in the Indian Ocean spawned an enormous tsunami that claimed the lives of thousands in the surrounding lands. In the months following the tsunami, many wondered what steps could be interpreted to minimize human loss in the event of such an unavoidable natural event. As a result, scientists began to seek an improved early snappish body to detect tsunamis. Almost two years after the Indian Ocean earthquake, NASAs Earth Observatory announced the exploitation of a vernal seafloor pressure recording system that is designed to detect tsunamis shortly after their development. The new system is expected to extend alert sentences in accession to avoiding false alarms. The project is being supervised by the German National seek Centre for Geosciences, located in Potsdam, Germany. Scientists fro m the Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and marine Research are directing the project. Additionally, Optimare and develogic are companies that are working on the acoustic-based portion of the system known as PACT. See more than topics Road safety.The Zentrum fur Marine Umweltswissenschaft and the University of Rhode Island are similarly working on PACT. Though generally thought to be a single giant ocean wave, tsunamis are actually make of multiple waves. In many instances, the affected shoreline can be repeatedly hit by several large waves. Tsunamis are caused by a jerky motion in the ocean floor which can be the result of an earthquake, volcanic eruption, an under wet landslide, or the impact of a large meteorite. Most tsunamis are caused by earthquakes that originate in subduction zones, or areas where an oceanic plate is being forced into the earths mantle.Where there is a great amount of detrition between two plates, the overriding plate can become distorted and as a res ult a large amount of energy is stored, very much over decades of centuries. After the stored seismic energy exceeds the frictional forces between the two plates, the distorted plate suddenly returns to its original position and an earthquake results. The overlying water is displaced, generating large waves that spread outward from the epicenter. The newly developed system measures vibration and horizontal seafloor movements in order to locate seaquakes, which could possibly generate tsunamis.The measurements that are taken from the seafloor are obtained and analyzed with a matter of just a few minutes. Data is collected and analyzed every 15 seconds. Water levels are too measured off the coast using bottom pressure sensors to detect any rises in sea level before the large waves reach the shallower waters along the coast. So far the system has proven to be compact, reliable, and energy efficient. At this point, an acoustic modem sends information to a second modem, which sends a satellite message, or telegram, to the warning center, delivering notification of a tsunami.After two years of development, none of the telegrams were lost, which believed to be an early indication of the systems crucial reliability. The new system will be implemented into the pre-existing global system which is used to detect tsunami events. Further testing will be conducted in the Mediterranean. The developers will also examine the reliability of the systems ability to transmit under different weather conditions. The development of this improved system shows great progress in the effort to provide effective warnings for tsunamis, thereby reducing the number of casualties.The potential for the success of this system has been indicated in a series of successful tests and the fact that no telegrams have been lost to date. Much still remains to be seen, however, in determining the limits of the system and discovering factors like weather conditions may contribute to reduced aptitude of the system. The article does not mention the important aspect of how those who are in the path of a tsunami will be notified that they may evacuate in time to avoid the disaster.This is of particular importance in the case of remote villages and areas where technological infrastructure may not be developed to the level of more modify regions. No matter how quickly the data is collected and transmitted to the warning center, it is imperative that the information regarding the approaching tsunami be delivered to those who may be affected in a timely manner. Delivering information to remote regions may be a challenge that the developers will convey to address as they attempt to meet the need for early warning in the areas that lie along the Indian Ocean.Though there are still potential concerns that need to be evaluated, it is promising that an advance system has been put in place over a relatively short period of time. Furthermore, there is now an alert system in a region where previously no such mechanism existed. This may provide greater protection and preparedness to a region that has already seen the devastation that a tsunami can do. If the system continues to be successful and is implemented into the global system, it will eventually save many lives and it may also allow scientists to learn more about the seismic activity that occurs under the ocean floor.In conclusion, NASAs article provides an informative report on an important milestone in the development of a system that will not only help people across the earth prepare for natural disasters, but that also may kick in to groundbreaking discoveries that could allow scientists to additional important discovers that can help us to better understand our planetWorks Cited Earth Observatory. Tsunami-recording in the Deep Sea. 25 November 2007. NASA. 17 November 2007. http//earthobservatory. nasa. gov/ Newsroom/ MediaAlerts/ 2007/2007111925951. html.

Extra Credit for Reflective Essay Essay Example for Free

Extra Credit for Reflective Essay EssayMy writing is nowhere near what I would consider good. I am the only one to blame. As I previously stated in other class assignments, I dropped out of gritty school in the middle of ninth grade. Ever since then, I never did any sort of writing, unless it was for work. Instead of working on my writing and education in general these past 6 years, I have been ignoring the fact that being educated will get me further in life and help me spirited more comfortably. What pushed me get back into school was the birth of my daughter as well as my interest in becoming a police officer. away from my horrible credit history, I k bare-assed from the start that my writing needs improvement if I even want to get through the screening process for new hires. In class, I realized how much there is to writing certain texts. Specially with essays, there was terms mentioned that I was not thought with or I just simply forgot about them. Learning grammar was of great help to me as I see grammar as my biggest weakness when it comes to writing. I specifically remember the insertion about proper usage on the apostrophe, because I was guilty on using it incorrectly with plural nouns.What I would have liked, however, is that grammar should have been taught not by the students, but by the professor. Some of the presentations seemed very important and essential to writing but they were not all clear to understand. Others had good information but it was ambitious for me to keep interest as the speaker read line after line of text of what seemed to be copy and paste definitions. Aside from that minor f legality, I thought the class was good overall. I just wish I had more free time so I can take other class that supersedes this one.If I get thru the hiring process, I will have to be a good writer as police officers have to generate legion(predicate) accurate reports throughout their work day. Since incorrect grammar can completely change the me aning of something, I do not want it to be my weakest link when it comes to my law enforcement career. Especially since being a bad writer is correctable.Whether I take another class or buy abook on grammar, I will attempt to improve it. Even if its a little at a time. As long as I am moving transport and not backwards, my future looks brighter than before I got back into school.

Uniqlo Clothing Analysis

Uniqlo Clothing AnalysisIntroductionjapanese clothing stake, Uniqlo, specialises in stylish casual-wear which is both high whole step and affordable. It is the predominant crack of the Japanese fraternity refrain sell Company Limited and accounts for 90 per cent of companys total gross sales (UNIQLO UK). The first Uniqlo stack away opened its doors in Japan in 1984 and there ar now over 760 stores across the country. Now a global snitch, Uniqlo began international expansion with the opening of the first UK store in 2001, and it is Uniqlo UK which go away be the focus of this radical.After introducing itself to the UK, it was not long before Uniqlo had 23 stores across England. However, the brands simple designs did not prove popular and within both years 18 stores were closed (Marketing, 2007). Since its relaunch in 2007, Uniqlo UK has been gaining mo handstum, just now it still has a long way to go towards becoming a leading means retailer in Britain. Consequently, th is report aims to just this momentum through the development of a untried integrated commercialiseing communications shift which would be implemented in 2010.SummaryContext AnalysisCustomer ContextSegment CharacteristicsUniqlo currently targets a very wide audience, describing its key demographics asMale and femaleFashion-consciousCost-aw beand recovered between 16 and 96 (UNIQLO UK)Calgary Avansino, Executive Fashion Editor of Vogue magazine, has person completelyy experienced the wide appeal of the Japanese brand. She state, the store is for a one-year-old customer but at the same time I went with my mum who is 60 and she bought the skinny jeans in taupe and burgundy (The Indep stopent, 2009). However, the lack of focus which comes with having such unsubtle segmentation entrusts in an unclear brand identity, thus making it harder for Uniqlo to stand out.Brand Aw arness, Perception AttitudesAwarenessEvery single one of Uniqlos 14 UK stores are concentrated in and around cap ital of the United Kingdom. Current marketing communications are therefore focussed mainly on the London area, and as a result awareness of the brand outside this region is low.Include brand awareness pie chart + sentence about where theyre from.PerceptionUniqlo is generally perceived as delivering true(p) judge choice and style at a fair price (Inside Retailing, 2009).AttitudesA random selection of Uniqlo shoppers on Oxford Street, London, were asked their opinions of the brand earlier this year. Eighteen-year-old student Rafaela commented on the versatility of the designs, stating they are belatedly to mix and the Tempter, and twenty-year-old textile design student Holly similarly said, you can rat the frock look your admit with more unmarried accessories. I love the massive range of act upon. Twenty-seven-year-old visual effects artist Nick liked the fact that there are no naff slogans or discussion, and twenty-year-old textile student Iona appreciated Uniqlos simplic ity (The Independent, 2009).Level of InvolvementInvolvement is relatively low when it comes to Uniqlos products. This is beca using up it offers basic, inconspicuous clothing designs, none of which visibly feature the Uniqlo logo, and prices are reasonable which lowers risk.Business ContextMarket PositioningClothes that can be worn by anyone, any dayUniqlo focuses on quality and value with a broad demographic appeal, though it has aimed at attracting young trendsetters by collaborations with designers and artists. (Mintel, 2008)Current Marketing MixProductBasicsSimple, plain designs for both men and women, in a wide variety of colours. Items include t-shirts, outerwear, knitwear, jeans, trousers, and accessories, as well as dresses and skirts for women.HEATTECHUses unique material, developed by Uniqlo and Toray Industries, which retains body heat.+JCollection do specially for Uniqlo by designer Jill Sander, released 1st October 2009. In the words of Calgary Avansino, Her look is classic and simple, but also cutting edge in the way she cuts and presents her change state (The Independent, 2009).UTUniqlo T-shirts (a sub-brand)Limited edition arrays of t-shirts nominated by designers and artists from all over the worldUT has a different image to the rest of Uniqlos products and the t-shirts are promoted and sold separately. It go forthing therefore not be included in the IMC campaign this report seeks to create.PriceBasics Jeans roughly 25, t-shirts 8-14, cashmere around 25-45 (Mintel, 2008)HEATTECH From 6.99 (UNIQLO UK, 2009)+J Outerwear 49.99-99.99, bottoms 24.99-29.99, shirts 24.99, island of Jersey and sweats 14.99-29.99, knitwear 19.99-29.99, cashmere 59.99-99.99, accessories 14.99-79.99 (F.Tape, 2009).PlacePhysical stores Currently 14 Uniqlo stores in the UK, including global flagship store on Oxford Street in London. The other stores are also all situated in the south of England, in and around the capital.Online store Uniqlos comprehensive UK onl ine store is an important distribution channel, allowing the rest of the country access to the brand.Promotion advertizeUniqlo UK generally avoids overt TV advertizement, but it has recently released a TV commercial for its HEATTECH range (see addition ?). Uniqlo mainly invests in press (newspapers and magazines), and outdoor (billboards, in the subway, and on buses). Look to Appendix C for a table detailing Uniqlos advertising spend, Appendix? for examples of Uniqlos recent print advertising and Appendix ? for examples of their outdoor advertising.This spend Uniqlo launched a global ad campaign for their new casual sportswear, featuring well-known molds Agyness Deyn, Luke Worrall and Gabriel Aubry (see Appendix ?).Public RelationsUT Cannes Lions Grand Prix 2010Part of the Cannes Liones International advertizing FestivalAnnual t-shirt design competition held by UniqloThe top 20 designs volition be made into Uniqlo products, and the overall winner gets $10,000 (US)Semi-finalists inform November 2009, finalists announced February 2010.Uniqlo JumpCollection of photographs of Uniqlo employees from around the world (UK, USA, Japan, China and South Korea) mid-jump, and eroding Uniqlo clothing.Uniqlo Paper (Uniqlos online and in-store magazine)Articles in magazines/newspapersgross revenue PromotionPartnerships with specialised discount websites (www.vouchercodes.co.uk, www.hotukdeals.com)Since January 2008, Uniqlo has been involved in an affiliate programme with LinkShare which has resulted in a partnership between Uniqlo and Marie Claire magazine. The Japanese brand received editorial exposure on Marie Claires website, which featured ten solely discounted Uniqlo products (Revolution, 2009).Interactive Marketing CommunicationsUniqlockOnline clock which can be set to any time zoneFeatures continuous rhythmic music, short clips of Japanese dancers wearing Uniqlo clothes every five seconds, and extended dance sequences every hourUsers can post a mini rendering o f the clock to Facebook, Bebo, Myspace or their ad hominem blog, or they can download it as a screensaver or as an iPhone/iPod Touch application.Uniqlo Calendar (similar idea to Uniqlock)Uniqlo IntroductionFlash page attached to uniqlo.comGives a smell of Uniqlos brand identity and the range of clothing available.In short, Uniqlo currently has a wide and varied marketing communications mix, and a lot has been do below-the-line to engage the consumer. However, the communications are far from integrated the advertising campaigns are all rather individual, could quite easily be for HM or Zara, and do not match the quirky, fun and distinctly Japanese character of many of the below-the-line communications.Competitor AnalysisCompetition within the clothing retail market is fierce, especially given the recent economic downturn, and Uniqlo has many well-established and similarly-positioned competitors to contend with. See Appendix C for a table comparing Uniqlos annual sales total with t hose of its competitors. fit to this table, Uniqlos three close significant competitors are American clothing brand GAP, Spanish Zara and Swedish Hennes Mauritz (HM).GapClean, classic, American designs with mid-market stance (Mintel, 2009)Has lost its distinctiveness and sales are falling (Mintel, 2008).ZaraFast-moving fashions at affordable prices, inspired by the catwalks (Mintel, 2009).HMQuality at the best price (Mintel, 2008)Something for everyone from modern basics to cutting-edge fashion Although the UK customer base is heavily skewed to 15-24-year-olds (and women), it appeals across the socio-economic spectrum. (Mintel, 2009)Number of high profile designer collaborations in the past, plus recent release of shoe collection from Jimmy ChooVery strong identity in face of competition from other young fashion brands and potential for expansion. (Mintel, 2008).External ContextStakeholdersSee Appendix A for a diagram of Uniqlos main stakeholders.One of Uniqlos most significant stakeholders is their suppliers. All Uniqlo products are made in the Far East, mainly in China. Fast Retailing does not own any factories but works closely with the same manufacturers year after year, thus developing loyalty and ensuring its products are of the highest quality (The Independent, 2009).PEST AnalysisPolitical FactorsGlobalisation has brought the UK and Japan closer together and, as a result, the two countries are increasingly acknowledging mutual interests and concerns (Embassy of Japan in the UK, 2000).Economic FactorsAfter the recession, UK customers have survive much more price-conscious. Customers are thus more likely to look for clothes of better value with neater longevity.Socio-Cultural FactorsJapanese culture is very different to that of the UK, but elements of Japanese culture, particularly food, fashion and design, have already had a great impact in the West. It has been said that, in general, Japan is increasingly the epicentre of cool with Tokyo its styl e capital (Inside Retailing, 2009).Technological FactorsE- and M-commerce are both growing rapidly, and the internet is becoming increasingly central in the worlds of business and marketing.Internal ContextOrganisational IdentityFast Retailing, the parent company of Uniqlo, strives for excellence and efficiency in all it does, and, above all, it everlastingly put the customer first. See Appendix B for the corporate statement, mission statement, values and principles which constitute the details of Fast Retailings organisational identity.Marketing ExpertiseAfter the store closures in 2003, Uniqlos Marketing Chief at the time, Dominic Chambers, lost his job. In 2006, the former Merchandising Director for Dorothy Perkins joined Uniqlo and Marketing Manager, Amy Howarth, as part of a new team (Marketing, 2007).SWOT AnalysisThe following SWOT analysis has been constructed in order to highlight and summarise the main issues within the Context Analysis.Strengths luxuriously quality clothi ngClothes are easy to mix and matchSophisticated textile technologyComprehensive online storeJapanese identityReasonable prices.Weaknesses embarrassed brand awareness among target market in UKBrand identity inconsistent and does not stand out against competitorsUninspiring website design.OpportunitiesPopularity of Japanese cultureHigh growth of E-commerce and M-commerce.ThreatsEconomic recession (consumers with less disposable income)Numerous strong competitors.ObjectivesBusiness ObjectivesOpen more stores across UKBefore the store closures in 2003, Uniqlo (UK) had branches in the North West of England, the Midlands, Manchester, Liverpool and Coventry, and original plans had been to have 50 UK stores by 2004 (Times Online, 2003). Despite its increasing success, Uniqlo still only has 14 stores in the UK, and they are all rigid in or around London. In 2007, Chief Operating Officer Simon Coble stated, We would like to be trading in all the major towns and cities in UK (Marketing, 2007 ). Of take to the woods it would not be unfermented to try and open too many new stores too quickly as this approach failed the first time around, so a heartyistic target might be to have one or two new stores open in 2011, perhaps in Leeds and Glasgow. change magnitude UK online stores sales volumesCurrently the Uniqlo website is the only access Scotland, Wales, Northern Ireland and most of England have to the brands wares. Therefore, until more stores are opened across the UK, the online store is vital. A 20% attach in online sales by 2011 would be a realistic target.Increase market share.Because the market is saturated, this will involve taking market share from competitors. A realistic target would be a 1.5% market share by 2011. The reason this percentage is so low is because Uniqlo does not even appear in Mintels table of estimated market shares of leading retailers in womenswear from 2002 to 2007. Further, this table makes that Uniqlos strongest competitor, HM, only had a 1.2% share of the womenswear retailing market in 2007 (Mintel, 2008).Communication ObjectivesIncrease consumer awareness and difference of opinion among target audience across UKThe brand is currently relatively unknown beyond London. In terms of the DRIP Model, this neutral fits with the key task of intercommunicate the consumer. Of course, awareness is not enough on its own the consumer needs to be engaged. Uniqlo already engage their consumers through such means as Uniqlock, but conflict efforts need to be furthered as awareness increases.Differentiate from competitors through development of distinctive brand identity.Analysts concluded that Uniqlos initial losses after coming to the UK were due to the brand failing to offer clothes that were sufficiently distinctive from rivals such as Gap, Zara, HM and the recently revitalised Marks Spencer (Times Online, 2003). In terms of the DRIP Model, this objective fits with the key task of differentiating in the mind of the consum er.Marketing Communications StrategySegmentation TargetingLook to Appendix E for a table of feasible market segments for Uniqlo to target. This IMC campaign will use Segment 2 as its first-string target. BecausePositioningPositioning StrategyThis IMC campaign will be based on a pull-positioning strategy, as objectives are to increase awareness and encourage involvement, and messages are to be right off targeted at end-user customers. A consumer-driven campaign fits with the value Fast Retailing places on approaching issues from the customers perspective.Key MessageThe key message will be that Uniqlo provides the consumer with fashionable but simple clothing which is easy to mix and match and therefore allows each customer to create their own unique look. Uniqlo does not simply reproduce catwalk trends which result in everyone wearing the same thing Uniqlo encourages individuality.The brand already promotes a similar idea on their rather isolated online introduction, which can on ly really be stumbled upon as it is not linked at once from the main website. It states Were not a brand that dictates a total lifestyle. To us, clothes are items the individual chooses to express a personal lifestyle (UNIQLO INTRODUCTION). The aim of this campaign is therefore to make more of a feature of this message, and make it consistent across the rest of their marketing communications. It will be called the YOUniqlo campaign.Communications MixThe tag-line which will appear throughout our campaign is Uniqlo. Mix it up. It is concise, funky, and vague enough to apply to all our communications tools. It conveys the idea of doing things differently and, more specifically, relates to the fact Uniqlos clothing is easy to mix and match.AdvertisingAdvertising will significantly contribute to a rise in brand awareness and the development of a more definite and unique brand identity. It should also drive further business to the online store from across the UK as well as to the actual shops in and around London, and lastly increase Uniqlos market share. It is important to remember, however, that our target audience is advertising and marketing literate and will not be patronised by clichs and unconcealed selling techniques. The YOUniqlo campaign must avoid the overt, and instead offer quirky and entertaining ads which engage the consumer and, furthermore, project a consistent brand identity.Print cartridge clipsMagazine advertisements are good for creating impact and demanding readers attention. Further, the sheer quantity of different genres and titles means it is easy to target a specific audience (Fill, 2009 715). Judging by primary research, the chosen target market segment tend to read magazines such as Vogue, Cosmopolitan and Elle (). Particularly since these magazines contain extensive style advice, it would be wise to put print advertisements in them.The YOUniqlo print campaign will use unknown, friendly-looking models who will be much more relatable th an the likes of Agyness Deyn. This should bring the brand and the consumer closer together. The adverts will illustrate the mix it up message through featuring one model superimposed three times in the same image. Each version of the model will be in a different pose and wearing a contrasting outfit. The outfits will all look very different but there will be some overlap in individual items, thus demonstrating the mix and match aspect. Appendix ? shows a mock-up of the womenswear ad, though the real ad would be portrait rather than landscape and have a plain dust coat background. There will also be a version for menswear.Outdoor Transit Shelter PosterThe age group being targeted by the YOUniqlo campaign, in particular the students living in and around city centres, are unlikely to have cars. Therefore, advertising at bus closedowns would be a good idea.Ten classic, relatively unisex Uniqlo items will be selected to make a series of transit shelter posters, with one item being used on each. They will each be nicely photographed front-on and look as though they are being worn, and will be shown life-size on a transparent background, positioned to match where they would sit on an average-sized person. Some interesting and nonsensical accessories will also be shown in order to create humour appeal. See Appendix ? for mock-ups of the posters. Involvement will therefore occur as commonwealth can pose behind the poster and have it look as though they are wearing the items featured. Since only one Uniqlo item will be shown on each poster, individuals will all look different as the items mix with their own outfits. This therefore expresses the mix it up message.Bus stops on central streets and around university campuses in major cities will be ideal locations for reaching the target audience and attracting attention.Interactive Marketing CommunicationsWebsiteAs hold in the SWOT analysis, one of Uniqlos stances is their comprehensive online store. It is a great f unctional tool with easy navigation and simple checkout process. However, it currently gives no sense of brand identity, with the main page launching straight into new releases and current offers. Earlier this year Uniqlo collaborated with 4Ps Marketing, a search engine marketing agency, and through customised calculate Engine Optimisation and Pay Per Click campaigns Uniqlos only revenue has since increased by 30.76% (4Ps Marketing, 2009). It therefore seems wise to mould and expand the website into a demonstration of the brand as well as its actual clothing. This would add greater interest and individuality to the site, thus helping to differentiate the brand in the mind of the consumer. It would further engage the consumer, and ultimately help gather the business objective of increasing online sales volumes. As stated by Terence A. Shimp, websites can be considered the centrepiece of companies online advertising efforts (Shimp, 2007 443).The general feel of the website should ma tch that of the physical stores, which have a very streamlined look and give a firm but not clichd sense of Uniqlos Japanese identity (see Appendix ?). There should also be the option of signing up to a members section, which will add users to a notice list and give them access to extra features and exclusive deals.Sponsored Facebook GroupMany retailers around the world already use sponsored Facebook groups as a way of directly marketing towards Generation Y, a new type of consumers highly influenced by the internet. Such online groups give marketers the ability to target a particular audience by using a member list to message people and inform them about new collections or events. As part of the YOUniqlo campaign, the sponsored Facebook group will sound in line with the PR activities, and messaging can be tailored depending on the location of the user in relation to that of the event. Consumers can also become more involved through use of the discussion board.Public RelationsOr ganisation of a large-scale PR event would greatly help fulfil the brand awareness and engagement objective. It would not only grab the target audiences attention, but also that of the media, thus generating further publicity for the brand.The YOUniqlo event will go around around a nation-wide art competition, called Uniqlo Masterpiece appropriate as Uniqlo clothing appeals to artistic, creative people. Consumers will be attracted to a Competition section of the re-launched website, where they can use a Flash application to create their own artwork using small graphics of Uniqlo clothing items in a wide variety of colours (see Figure 1).This will emphasise Uniqlos wide range of items and colours, and it fits with the Mix it up concept as it encourages users to mix Uniqlo clothes to create something truly unique.Entrants must be Aged 18-25 UK residents Signed up as member of the Uniqlo website.After the competition closes, twenty semi-finalists from across the UK will be chosen by Uniqlo. Website members will then be able to vote for their favourite from the final twenty, thus creating further involvement and engagement. After the vote closes, five finalists will be revealed and invited down to London for the main event (travel expenses paid), where they will create a real version of their artwork using Uniqlo clothes on one of five big white canvases. The event will take place in the courtyard in front of Somerset House (see Appendix), and big screens will be present to show how the artworks look from above. Each finalist can compete as part of a group of up to four people. The event will have a DJ, be hosted by a local celebrity, and have a judging panel present to decide the winner at the end of the afternoon.PRIZES?+ Donation of clothes to Oxfam? which adds CSR into the mix. programing and ImplementationTable 1 Media schedule for 2010 YOUniqlo campaignTaking the workings of the fashion industry into consideration, the print and outdoor campaigns will run in unison with the release of new ranges at the beginning of each season.Pre-Event01/02/10Re-launch of Uniqlo website together with opening of Uniqlo Masterpiece competition.01/02 31/03/10Online entry using Flash application.07/04 30/04/10Online public vote from list of 20 semi-finalists.07/05/10Top 5 announced.Event05/06/10Final event in London.Table 2 Timetable for Uniqlo Masterpiece competitionThe competition has been timed so that the main event lands comfortably on Saturday 5th June. Nice weather is important for an outdoor event, and most students will have finished their exams by then.Publicity for competition on website and through sponsored Facebook group. + Use Bluetooth on day of event to attract passers by.ResourcesThe proper feat of the YOUniqlo campaign relies on Uniqlos resources.This resource has evolved to become a strategic function that perceives the association between talented people and the success of an organization. Uniqlo needs to have the strength of exte nsive man power to establish a successful marketing campaign. The human resource involved in the campaign includes the professional team which comes up with innovative print ads, the efficient PR team which has the ability to host an event by capturing the audiences attention and a tech savvy team which creates find in internet advertising.The proper execution of a campaign depends on the financial resources available to support it. Uniqlos most recent annual report available (2006) depicts that it has sufficient funds to carry out an extensive media campaign. The costs involved in conducting a campaign include the venue hiring costs, the cost of publish print ads in magazines and the cost of publicizing the event through various websites. Uniqlo must treat this expenditure of conducting a campaign as an investment to create awareness about their brand and its uniqueness.Justify cost of PR event + prizes by fact that theyve already paid for supermodel Agyness Deyn + various celebs at Uniqlo flagship store opening.Evaluation, incorporate FeedbackPrecisely, several post-testing tools will be applied (tracking studies and likeability test) to create reliable and validated feedback (Fill, 2009). Deciding on the scope of the evaluation, it is logical to refer back to the communication objectives and judge to what extent they were achieved.Tracking studies will give the company a good view of communication campaign impact on brand awareness in the targeted regions of the UK. Interviewing a large number of people in these areas on a regular basis will also provide significant data on how their attitude and perception of Uniqlo has being influenced by all marketing efforts of the company. The awareness of the Uniqlo.co.uk will be easier to track by the number of hits from UK users. However, awareness on its own is not so important for the brand performance, unless level of engagement is also high. Youniqlo campaign was designed to create customer engagement with the brand and likeability analysis will aim to assess its success. The method will examine the level of entertainment/enjoyment people received from, for example, PR event or bus stop advertisements. A good showing here will also be the number of pictures uploaded to the company website. The likeability analysis will also demonstrate how well company has managed to differentiate itself from the competitors in consumers minds.QUALITATIVE. Recall tests.ConclusionCorporate StatementChanging clothes. Changing conventional wisdom. Change the world.Group MissionTo create truly great clothing with new and unique value, and to enable people all over the world to experience the joy, happiness and satisfaction of wearing such great clothesTo enrich peoples lives through our unique corporate activities, and seek to grow and develop our company in unity with society.ValuesApproaching issues from the customer perspective embrace innovation and challengeRespecting and supporting individuals to fo ster both corporate and personal growthCommitting to ethical standards and correctness.PrinciplesDo everything possible for our customersPursue excellence and aim for the highest possible level of achievementAchieve strong results through the promotion of diversity and teamworkMove speedily and decisively in everything we doConduct business in a very real way based on the current marketplace, products and factsAct as global citizens with ethics and integrity.(Fast Retailing, 2008)Appendix C Uniqlos Advertising Spend, 2006-7 bestow SpendCinemaDirect mailInternetOutdoorPressRadioTVm%%%%%%%0.30.00.00.025.374.50.20.0Uniqlos total advertising spend and media used, year to end May 2007.Source Nielsen Media Research/Mintel (Mintel, 2007).Appendix D Total Annual Sales of Uniqlo and Its CompetitorsCompany Name (Flagship Brand)CountryFiscal Year EndSales ( Billions)GAPUSAJan. 20081723.7INDITEX (ZARA)SpainJan. 20081517.5HMSwedenNov. 20071342.1Limited BrandsUSAJan. 20081108.2NEXTUKJan. 2008666. 2

Analysis Of The UV Visible Spectroscopy Biology Essay

Analysis Of The UV Visible Spectroscopy Biology EssayPurpose of this term paper is to describe working principle, instrumentation, information collection and information analysis of the UV-Visible spectroscopic analysis which is also cognise as electron spectrographical recordic analysis. In working principle, Beer-lambert uprightness correlate submersion of coruscation to engrossment of nucleus in solution. Parts of UV-Visible spectrometer have been described. Data analysis and data collection section describe how data collected by transcription and what type of information we basin get from the data collected from UV-Visible spectroscopic analysis. In the end we conclude what we learn from the project.IntroductionIn spectroscopy, matter is been exposed to radiative nix ( electric discharge, high postal code electron, high energy ions etc.), at that time it can interact with matter according to atoms or molecule are present in system. Depending on its interaction w ith material pretends different information close to the matter. In short, spectroscopy is the study of the interaction between matter and radiated energy. tightness, emission, elastics scatte environ, inelastic scattering are major interaction between radiative energy and matter. In preoccupation, radiated energy is absorbed by matter. In emission, electron pass on excite and goes to higher energy level, hence when it goes to ground state it al minuscule for emits electromagnetic waves. When electron and radiative energy interact, but they dont swap energy, this type of interaction are called elastic scattering, and if electron and radiative energy exchange energy, then this type of interaction are called nonelastic interaction.The selection of the spectroscopy to analysis the taste is depending on what is present in the archetype. For example, if atoms of sample are targeted to analysis, X-ray spectroscopy and XRF (X-ray fluorescent) are recyclable. If molecules of sampl e are targeted to analysis, Infrared, Raman, visible, UV-visible spectroscopy, and fluorescence spectroscopy are useful. Raman and Infrared spectroscopy are complementary to each other. Same way, UV-visible spectroscopy is complementary to fluorescence spectroscopy. UV-Visible spectroscopy normally used for quantitative analysis of different molecule like transition metal ions, highly conjugated organic intricate, and biological macromolecule.UV-Visible spectroscopy use UV light and visible light for analysis of sample. Range of Visible light is 400nm to 800nm. Where UV light has sick from 400nm to two hundrednm which usually used in spectroscopy. Energy familiar spirit with 800 nm visible light is 36 kcal/mole. Energy associated with 400 nm visible light is 72 kcal/mole. UV light used in UV-Visible spectroscopy is up 200 nm because smaller then this range it is difficult to handle. So, UV light which has energy less than 200 nm doesnt use frequently. UV light which has waveleng th 200 nm, energy associated with it is 143 kcal/mole. act 1 Energy band diagram of molecule here it shows HOMO and LUMO (bonding and anti-bonding) energy levelFigure 1 is showing general energy band diagram which has energy level HOMO (highest occupied molecular orbital), LUMO (lowest unoccupied molecular orbital). HOMO is also known as bonding energy level. And LUMO is also known as anti-bonding energy level. In this diagram, shows some exciting possibility in molecular electron from get off energy orbital to higher energy orbital. However, from UV-Visible spectroscopy, electron gain only enough energy to excitation from (bonding) to * (anti-bonding) energy level or from n (non-bonding) energy to * (non-bonding) energy level. For other excitation, it will adopt even higher energy that UV or Visible light can provide. So, victimization UV-Visible spectroscopy we can measure first two left hand sides to excitation from diagram. UV-Visible spectroscopy is also known as electronic spectroscopy because it measure acculturation of light by electron.When sample molecules are exposed to light having an energy that equals a possible electronic transition within the molecule from HOMO to LUMO, some of the light energy will be absorbed as the electron is promoted from lower energy orbital to a higher energy orbital like * orbital. An optical spectrometer records absorption at each wavelength and present as graph of absorbance vs. wavelength. Range of absorbance ranges from 0 (no absorption) to 2 (99% absorption) calculate by spectrometer.Here in UV-Visible spectroscopy, Beer-Lambert honor has been used to find tautness of absorbing solute in the solution. When a light passes through a solution, due to interaction with material some of the light cleverness be absorbed and the remaining light transmitted through the solution. The ratio of the initial force (entering the sample (Io)) and final strong point (exiting the sample (It)) of light at a certain wavelen gth is defined as the transmittance (T). Most of the time it has been expresses as percent transmittance. And the absorbance (A) of a sample is the negative logarithm of the transmittance.Equation Beer-Lambert law which correlate transmittance to initial intensity and final intensityEquation Beer-Lambert law which correlate assiduousness to transmittanceHere, Io is initial intensity (entering intensity) and It is final intensity (exiting intensity), T is transmittance, A is absorption.The absorbance of a sample at a given wavelength is equal to the absorptivity of the cognitive content, path length and denseness of the substance. Value of the absorptivity of the substance depends on the wavelength. For different wavelength, value of the absorptivity is different. The path length is the distance the light travels through the sample.Equation Beer-Lambert law which correlate absorptivity, path length, concentration of substanceHere, is absorptivity of the substance, l is path len gth and c is concentration of the substance.Commonly, and l are constant for sample because depending on material is fix value and experiment length of path (l) is also fix for each experiment. So, using these equations we can calculate the concentration of substance in given sample.InstrumentationFigure 2 Working principal of UV-Visible spectroscopy 3Ultraviolet (UV) and Vis light spectroscopy has been shown is figure-1. This device contains UV light source and visible light source, slits, Diffraction grating, filters, mirrors, audience cuvette, sample cuvette, lenses and detectors. jobless source This device has two light sources. Depending on the sample either UV or Visible light source will be used. exploitation Mirrors light will be concentrated on Diffraction gritting. Usually UV light source has range from 200nm to 400nm, and visible has range of 400nm to 800nm. For UV light source, Hg bulb is used. And For Visible light source, Tungsten is uses.Diffraction gritting and fi lter Diffraction gritting converts light source into its component wavelength light. Prism can be used instead of diffraction gritting. Then Created whizz wavelength light is given to half mirrorHalf mirror Half mirror is special kind of mirror which can provide two kindred intensity output from single input sources. In our device, it will be used to provide same intensity single wavelength light to the reference cuvette, and sample cuvette which contain only solvent. Solvent can also interact with the sample. So it is necessary to measure light interaction with solvent which later can be remove from sample which contain solvent and solute to measure light interaction with solute which is area of interest.Reference Cuvette and Sample Cuvette In UV- Vis spectroscopy, it is real master(prenominal) to compare intensity to get transmission. Light is passes through the both cuvette. Absorption is done at this stage level of absorption will depend on the sample and the reference thems elves.Lens and Detector Lenses will be used to focus and magnify the output reference beam (I0) and output sample beam (I). Here I0 should be absorbed just little Detector will be used to detect these signals and convert into electrical signals which can be further understand using software and computer.Figure 3 Shimadzu 1650PC, UV-visible Spectrophotometer. 2Data Collection 4 5Instrument was SHIMADZU UV 1601. Absorption of liquid and thin study can be measured by this instrument.Liquid SampleFor liquid or solution, cuvette is used. It is required reference solution containing cuvette, and sample containing cuvette. In reference cuvette, it will have only solvent. Using this data, absorption for cuvette and solvent can be understood. Using data of sample containing cuvette, absorption for cuvette, the sample and solvent can be understood. Surface of cuvettes must be cleaned afterwards filling the liquid to make sure surface does not have any dust particles.Using software, Method i s postulateed to be defined. In our Method, wavelength range is ccc nm to 1100 nm scan speed is medium sampling interval is 1 nm scan mode is single.A 1st need to do is measure reference (baseline, solvent only). It is also important that reference cuvette is inserted in reference stage not in sample stage. Mounting of cuvette is very important. Cuvette has two types of surface. Cuvette has two unmixed sides and two semi-transparent sides. Transparent sides need to be aligned so light beam can enter and exit from transparent sides. Load the reference sample. Define wavelength range (1100-300nm) scan in software. It will take about 2 min to finish scan for reference. It is also important to do it reference scanning process again if you change the type of the sample, cuvette or solvent.Secondly, low concentration seldibrdge (2.9*10-6 mole/L) chromophore sample will be loaded in another cuvette and it will be loaded in to sample stage. In software, run scanning button is clicked. Sc anning of the sample will also take about 2 min. When scanning is finished new window will appeared and will ask for file name and file description. directly on screen you will able to see typical graph absorption spectrum of seldibrdge chromophore. Computer will assign some fliers. To access this information peak button on screen will be pressed. After that computer will provide table which include Wavelength and Absorption. This table and concentration of the sample is useful to calculate extinction coefficient or molar absorptivity. This calculation will be done by Beer-Lambert Law.Third, high concentration seldibrdge chromophore (2.9*10-5 mol/L) sample will be loaded in another cuvette and it will be loaded in to sample stage. Concentration is almost 10 times more than than low concentration. It will be loaded in to sample stage. In software, start scanning button is clicked. Scanning of the sample will also take about 2 min. Data can be stored by using Data Print Table exten sion and it will information in notepad.Thin filmSample is dissolved in polymer matrix and applied on glass substrate. For this process, glass substrate is used as sample. It is very important to not to opinion surface of the glass substrates. It is also required to make sure it does not have any dust particles on it. Then load reference sample in reference stage and press baseline button on computer screen. After that, sample is put on sample stage. It is important to channelise the sample surface side, so light can directly interact with thin film first rather than glass substrate. Then press start on computer screen. Data table and Spectrum chart will be provide by computer. Data can be saved as the preceding(prenominal) description. In thin film, concentration is unknown, so extinction co-efficient cannot be calculated. For thin film maximum absorption is important factor.Data analysisChromophore is part of molecule which is responsible for its color. So, during UV-Visible sp ectroscopy electrons in chromophore are interacting with light. Table 1 is giving data about different chromophore. Chromophore may be present in solvent. So, we require selecting proper solvent to measure chromophore of solute. Not all the solvent can be used in UV-Visible spectroscopy. For example, oxygen non-bonding electrons in alcohols do not give rise to absorption above 160 nm. So, we can use as solvent for UV-Visible spectroscopy. Common solvent can be used in UV-Visible spectroscopy are Hexane (alkane), ethanol (alcohol), water. However, if we used UV light which has wavelength are lower than 200 nm, then we cant use alcohol because it create very needlelike peak.ChromophoreExampleExcitationmax, nmSolventC=CEthene__ *17115,000HexaneCC1-Hexyne__ *one hundred eighty10,000HexaneC=OEthanaln__*__*2901801510,000hexanehexaneN=ONitromethanen__*__*275200175,000ethanolethanolC-X X=Br X=IMethyl bromideMethyl Iodiden__*n__*205255200360hexanehexaneTable 1 Some measured data by UV-Vis ible spectroscopy.As describe in introduction, using transmittance, we can calculate concentration peak. However, all the data in computer give form of absorbance vs. wavelength or vs. wavelength. Sometime value of log is taken in place of . There are some graph obtain from UV-Visible spectroscopy. both (molar absorptivity) and A (absorption) are changing with different wavelength. Figure-4 is absorbance vs. wavelength graph for C5H6O. Figure 5 is graph of vs. wavelength for different conjugate compound which has same chemical formula. In graph, each peak represents a certain excitation. Figure 7 shows two different excitation, first excitation is from to * and second excitation is from n to *. Both excitations have pick value at different wavelength. For excitation to *, maximum value is around 250 nm. And for excitation n to *, maximum value is around 300 nm. From figure 5 and 6 we can say that as number of Chromophore, curve shift to longer wavelength however number of p icks doesnt change if Chromophore is same. However, for aromatics compound, as ring increase, number of pick are increasing. Due to different Chromophore present in molecule, it will effect on maximum absorption wavelength. There different basis are assigned for different type of shift which can see in table 2.Figure 4 UV-Visible spectroscopy results for C = C and C = C Chromophore for particular chemical compound at specific pH, and solvent. 1Figure 5 UV-Visible spectroscopy results for conjugated compound. 1Figure 6 UV-Visible spectroscopy results for conjugated compound 1Figure 7 UV-Visible spectroscopy results for C = C and C = O Chromophore for particular chemical compound at specific pH, and solvent. 1pH of system is also effect on absorption peak. Diluted Copper sulfate solution is very light blue. However, if you add ammonia which will change pH more than 7, color of solution will change due to change in absorption peak and intensity. Following figure 8, is UV-Visible spect ra of phenolphthalein at different pH value.Figure 8 UV-Visible spectra of phenolphthalein (0.103 mmol cm-3) at pH 13 solid light line, pH 9 solid dark line, pH 8 dash light line, pH 4 dashed dark lineNature of ShiftDescriptive TermTo Longer WavelengthBathochromicTo Shorter WavelengthHypsochromicTo Greater AbsorbanceHyperchromicTo Lower AbsorbanceHypochromicTable 2 Terminology for Absorption Shifts 1231Figure 8 Result obtain for Low concentration Liquid seldibrdge chromophore (1), high concentration Liquid seldibrdge chromophore (2), and unknown concentration of seldibrdge chromophore dissolved in polymer matrix and applied on glass substrate (3). 4, 5Wavelength (in nm)Absorption7800.6045100.1034750.1013420.1741063.0015400.0854920.0973890.060For low concentration Liquid seldibrdge chromophore, concentration is 2.9*10-6 mol/L. peaks and absorption has been shown in following Table.Table 3 Wavelength and absorption for low concentration Liquid seldibrdge chromophore, concentration. 4 5For higher concentration liquid seldibrdge chromophore, concentration is 2.9*10-5 mol/L. Absorption of this sample is out of spectroscopy range. So it is required to dilute for further understanding and calculation. For unknown concentration of seldibrdge chromophore dissolved in polymer matrix and applied on glass substrate, concentration is unknown, so further calculation of extinction coefficient cannot be done, but peak absorption can be find. For this sample peak absorption is 0.512 at 808 nm wavelength. Using equation 3, we calculated (extinction coefficient or absorptivity) is around 2.1E5 1 / M * cm at maximum absorption.ConclusionUV-Visible spectroscopy is well for finding concentration or molar absorptivity of of biological macromolecule, organic molecule, transition metal, conjugated organic compound.. However, we need to make sure about pH of system and solvent before taking sample analysis. Using this spectroscopy, we find molar absorptivity or extinction coefficient of 2.9*10-6 mol/L concentration Liquid seldibrdge chromophore for maximum absorption at given wavelength.

Risks Related To Change Management In Shell Business Essay

Risks Related To Change Management In caseful business organization EssayIn the actually beginning it is already mentioned in the finding of this report about the factors which ca function resistance to commute. The two major reasons app bently place for resistance to transform argon the fear of losing the job status and job security. The mentality of an individual varies accordingly and in that location are multiple factors which influence the humankind thinking. Attitude towards interpolate is a correspondent caseful of this and not everyone take it positively. Fear of losing here refers to the risk of carrying out the wobble process unsuccessfully. The moral of the individuals could go low if the results of the change are unsuccessful and the individuals are mainly scared of failure so they dont want to experiment new things which acts as a bulwark to change. Another major reason found which resists change was the job security and the job status of the employees. Here the fear is that the individual could lose their strong bearing and command due to change being adopted and most of the employees in the organization are not really abrupt to risk their status or job itself. As far as literature is concerned on this topic Lewins (1940) expressions were in support of this research, he presented his views on resistance to change think to the human behavior which was also the case at shell, the staff resisted when the base was presented to implement sap over JD Edwards. Besides that the findings can also be relate with the research of Schermerhorn, Hunt, and Osborn (2005) who said that the individuals resist change to protect their interests and also to defend the elements which are valuable to them, findings in this research present a similar pop out as it can be concluded from the research that individuals resist change mainly because of fear of losing and protecting their job and job status. Eight step reasons determine by Schermerhorn, H unt, and Osborn (2005) are also very similar to all the reasons for resistance to change mentioned in the findings section.Coch French (1948) also researched on this topic and their research was conducted in Virginia in a Harwood, manufacturing company, their findings suggests that the individuals lack of interest in the change process and no participation from their side is the major cause of resistance to change. Somehow there is a dissension with his theory on this as the findings above do not include any such factor of lack of interest or participation in the list of resistance to change. His work was also challenged by Lawrence (1954) and he said that the findings of Coch and French were misleading as they were away from the reality in their research. He then suggested a list of reasons why people resist change, that list is mentioned in the literature review section and again a disagreement on his concept as his reasons given were also close to the findings above. The most all-important(prenominal) reason suggested by Lawrence was that people resist change because the outcome is unknown quantity to them and the other major reason given was that there is a lack of trust amongst staff and thus they resist change and this reason was also mentioned in the findings so the idea of Lawrence on resistance to change is in support of this research .5.2-Models for dealing with resistance to changeThere are galore(postnominal) stupefys which create been suggested by different scholars to deal with the resistance to change. Kotter Schlesingers six step model is widely accepted in the industry besides that Lewins 3 stage model is very popular as well. Few other models for dealing with resistance cover in the research are force field analysis, Greminis 4 Rs, Greniers Organisational ingathering for organisational learning etc. However after conducting the research and surveying in the industry and getting feedback from individuals from different organisations, it can be concluded that the Kotter six locomote and Lewins three stage model of unfreezing, change and refreezing are the most accepted and understood models for change used in the organisation. These two models cover all the important aspects which are normally take in an organisation when dealing with change. Discussion has been made in the findings on the concepts of organisational learning and organisational growth and the Greniers model for organisational growth since these topics are no different from the subject of change oversight. The findings from the research conducted in Barclays and Reckitt Benckiser is in support of Kotter idea of managing resistance, the commonly found resistance in both the companies is ordinarily managed by one of six steps presented by Kotter or sometimes multiple steps could be used to deal with resistance.5.3-Business Process Re-engineeringThe topic has been covered in the literature review since the case study of eccentric is an example o f business process re-engineering. BPR usually involves radical redesigning of a process in wrong of cost, quality, speed or service to improve the conditions dramatically within no time, the BPR process also requires fundamental rethinking of the ways operations are carried out in an organisation. Shell desired to change its ERP system JD Edwards and implemented SAP over it in order to standardize its process and remove complexities, this could be termed as an example of BPR. The primary findings of this research can be cerebrate to the literature presented by Hammer and Champy, and Wenrich and Ahmed, they felt that the concept of BPR is usually linked to the ERP implementation and the case in Shell was one example of this. Besides that this concept is also supported by the idea of Chan and Peel who conducted their research on this topic in many different companies and their findings suggests that the main reason for BPR is improving on the organisational efficiency in operations and also raising the direct of customer service. Shell implemented the BPR to profit its efficiency.5.4-Risks related to change circumspection in ShellThere are various risks related to the transformation process in Shell which have been identify in the findings section, the major ones being the reputeal risk, high project cost and desired results not being achieved. As Shell is a big name in the global market and holds a respectable reputation in the industry so failure to carry out this process would have damaged the reputation of the organisation and as the investment was of more than than 100 billion euros so the level of risk went higher with the massive cost. Primary findings of this report are more close to the views presented by Butterworth-Heinemann, as he has described the risks related to the system changeover in his research and the risks covered by him are very similar to findings above. He has only focused on the risks related to the system changeover and the comm on risks identified in the findings above and his research are data conversion, substance abuser acceptance of change, system interfaces and integration and end user involvement. So in comparison to Proscis concept discussed above, it is clear that Butterworths idea of risks faced in change management is more agreeable as the literature is more similar to the research above. On the other hand Proscis view on risks is more general and related to the specific project and the organization as a whole. The risks identified by him are more general like the customer and supplier view, resistance in general, budgeting issues, negative impact, stress, conflicts and misunderstandings amongst staff, etc, it is not specifically linked to the system changeover so the primary findings are in more support of Butterworths work over Proscis concept5.5-Change Process at ShellShell transformed its ERP JD Edwards to SAP as discussed above, and the primary reason being to increase the efficiency and to standardize the global policies. The reasons for the change have already been discussed above and to sum up, the major factors which pushed Shell towards the change were simplification of processes and make the use of latest technology. The change at Shell would be classified as a planned change, various views have come in front regarding planned change but the most attractive view on the topic was presented by Burke George Latwin, and Kotter. Burke George presented a model in which the change was classified as transactional or transformational. The change adopted in Shell could be termed as transactional change, as the fundamentals of the organisation remained equal and only some features of the company changed. Another scholar making sense is Kotters, he presented his ideas on planned change in the eight steps model and all of the components in that model are all completely linked to the nervus of the organisation and are specifically focused on the concept of change. The othe r theories discussed in the literature review are mostly the example of incremental change which is the change applied in steps, and after conducting the research on the types of change it was found that Quinn concept seemed appropriate, he suggested that the incremental change was leading to a check death while the radical change headed towards irreversible transformation. The change at Shell was not an incremental change. In Shell Pakistan the change was implemented in formal steps and a proper procedure was being used which has been discussed above in the findings. At the end of the research it was found that the process of change in Shell was often organised as the management conducted surveys, authorities and responsibilities were very clearly defined and they made the use of a change instrument who initiated the process and pushed the others to follow it. The change at Shell in terms of organisational level was an example of operational change. This can said since the opera tional change negotiation about the concepts of BPR, TQM, continuous improvements, JIT etc, and all these were considered at Shell during the transformation stage. Pettigrew differentiated the types of change and said in his research that the operational level change are interpreted at a small score and are not important in the organisation. I firmly disagree with his ideas and feel that the operational level change is equally as important as change at any other level. The change in Shell was an operational level change but it was very much required and wasnt a small scale project since a massive investment was made, the findings suggest that the change implemented was very effective and the organisation succeeded in achieving their goal.5.6-JD EdwardsFrom the findings above it can be concluded that the employees in Shell Pakistan were not very satisfied with the performance of JD Edwards as an ERP. The feedback was taken through a questionnaire holy by them to find out how they fe el about the system and to summarize their views in a nut shell they did not feel that JD Edwards was a flexible enough tool for the product reconciliations and it they also felt that it was not the ideal system which could be used for reporting purposes. Rowena Hawksley had a different view about the system and She said it is a valuable system for the business to use for Asset lifecycle management, inventory control, supply chain execution, manufacturing and engineering purposes etc, but a disagreement is reached from his ideas as the findings in this report on Shell differs from the views presented.5.7-ERPWith regards to ERP many scholars have presented their views and few of them have also been covered in my literature review, ERP was best described by Gale, he viewed ERP as an important tool for business to manage operations, which will integrate used in Shell Pakistan during the implementation of SAP. According to Richard Goekey and Robert Faley the SAP implementation in chemic al and Pharmaceutical industry has not been very successful in terms of inventory management in the organisation, it can not be agreed as the implementation of SAP in organisation from any industry has resulted in dramatic turnarounds and purge in Shell the results obtained after the SAP implementation has been positive and the objectives were achieved. Duplagia and Astani said that the integration between functional areas and information system is the primary reason for companies implementing ERP, the same was the case at Shell as the organisation planned to standardise its processes so implemented ERP, therefore the views of Duplagia and Astani could be related to the research conducted above.5.8- Effectiveness of SAP implementationSAP implementation has been successful in Shell Pakistan and the results obtained have been positive. The moral level of the users has improved and the implementation has resulted in cost saving and lessen complexities in the organisation. Suzanne Gau t, presented a best practice approach for the SAP implementation, the approach was split into two major categories defined as the key individual required in the SAP implementation and the important elements needed in the implementation stage. The details have been discussed above and the best practice support was pretty much followed in Shell Pakistan during the implementation of SAP. Suzanne focused on the fact that the project manager, users of the system, maintenance member, account member, etc should all be involved and participate during the implementation variant to get the desired results. The findings of this report suggests that yes Shell had most of its key members involved during the implementation and the survey undertaken describes the attitude of staff towards of change, it says that most of the members were open to change and welcomed the idea of SAP implementation.The line managers were assigned responsibilities in Shell for the SAP implementation and the staffs exp ressed their satisfaction with their performance and accepted that the managers fulfilled their responsibilities properly and also were keen to provide training and transfer knowledge on the project in order to help the group as a whole and make this project successful. The other part of the practice suggested by Suzanne was including important elements required in the SAP implementation. Few of the important elements were aim and objectives of the project, people expectations, purchasing, operational, financial and contracting strategies, and calculator based training etc. Again the case at Shell seemed to be following all these instructions and the management got all the important procedures completed before and during the implementation. The change agent appointed by Shell helped in carrying out the process and helped in selling the idea of change and recorded the alert steps to be understood and carried out. At Shell the control methods were in place to protect the data loss a nd only authorise individuals were granted access. The use of multiple passwords of ten digits each was made to maintain the integrity. Results obtained in Shell post implementation of SAP were better and the issues of product traceability, reconciliations and flexibility were resolved which was not the case when JD Edwards was in use. The views of Suzanne Gaut are more related to the implementation process carried out in Shell, most of the points presented by Suzanne have been covered by Shell during the implementation.

The Nature of Man, the Renaissance, and the Protestant Reformation Essa

Europe was a tumultuous region in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. In particular, the Renaissance and the Protestant Reformation both introduced organic intellectual and religious ideas that challenged centuries of established doctrine. This period corresponded with a great surge in philosophical, political, and religious writing. Among the most influential thinkers of the time were the Italian humanist Leon Battista Alberti, the Florentine politician Niccol Machiavelli, and the German monk Martin Luther. Alberti wrote in a time of humanist thought and economic prosperity, Machiavelli in a time of growing political unstableness and economic uncertainty in Italy, and Luther in a time dominated by an increasingly corrupt Catholic church. While Albertis good mass is reflected in On the Familys optimism, Machiavellis The Prince and Luthers On Christian Liberty are direct reactions to the perceived crises the authors were witnessing, and both works were written with a n self-evident sense of urgency. These writers all put forward strongly worded and drastically different views of the fundamental nature of man. Alberti saw man as an active being want a classical education and a good family in which to raise children, Machiavelli perceived man as craving power and impossible to satisfy, and for Luther man was eternally sinful searching only for faith in God. More significant than their visions of human nature is the physical focus of that naturebody or headand how the origin of such a attitude was related to the period in which they were living. While Albertis vision of human nature focused on a mans outward actions shaping his inner soul, Luther saw just the opposite, a mans soul struggling to achieve what... ...lberti saw a great potential for man and wanted to outline his vision for others. Machiavelli saw mans flaws and what it caused, and sought only a cold, practical solution without the painfulness of morals. Luther, devastated by the c orruption of the ruling religious authority, wished to save Europes Christians from a way of life that would seal their fate as sinners.Works CitedAlberti. On the Family. Readings in Western Civilization 5 The Renaissance. Ed. Eric Cochrane and Julius Kirshner. The University of lolly Press Chicago, 1986. The Making of the West, Volume B 1320-1830. Ed. Lynn Hunt, et al. Bedford/St. Martins New York, 2001. Luther, Martin. On Christian Liberty. Trans. W. A. Lambert. Fortress Press Minneapolis, 2003. Machiavelli, Niccol. The Prince. Trans. Harvey C. Mansfield. The University of Chicago Press Chicago, 1998.

charhf Changes in Huck Finns Character :: Adventures Huckleberry Huck Finn Essays

Huckleberry Finn The Changes of His Character Throughout the Novel   The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, by Mark Twain, is a novel about a young mans search for identity. Huckleberry Finn goes through some changes and learns some life lessons throughout his journey. Huck changes from being just an immature son at the lineage of the novel to being a to a greater extent mature man who looks at things in a different perspective now.   In the beginning of the novel, Huck tends to call for an immature side to him. There are some things in the beginning that show that Huck still has a very callow side to him. They get down on one thing when they dont know nonhing about it. (Twain 2) This is showing the ignorance and stubbornness that all children experience throughout life. He thinks as if everything he does is right and everyone else is wrong. That all comes of my being such a fool as to not remember that wherever you leave a on the spur of the moment snake its mate always comes there and curls around it. (Twain 40) This goes one step further. This shows Hucks Immaturity and Stupidity gone one step too far when he puts the snake in Jims bed and he ends up getting bit by it. If Huck was more mature and less childish he wouldnt have been playing this so called joke on Jim. Huck learns that jokes have a limit to them at times and need to be thought out more clearly.   When the middle of the novel comes around Huck begins to distinguish what is right and wrong in life and begins to mature and do the right thing. He shows this when he chooses not to partake in the scam that the King and the Duke are playing on the Wilks family. Instead he takes the money back from the King and Duke to hide it because he believes it is besides fair to the family. Im letting him rob her of her money...I feel so ornery and low...I got to steal that money somehow and I got to steal it some way that they wont doubt I done it (Twain 133) This shows that Huck is starting to see the line between games and real life.